FUNCTION OF BASS, TREBLE, VOLUME OPTION IN AN AMPLIFIER


Bass and Treble options are used to regulate the sound on the basis of frequency.  Generally a audio amplifier has 3 main controlling options.
(i) Volume or Master  (ii) Bass (iii) Treble

Volume:

When we increase Volume the loudness of the audio is increased. In frequency level, the amplitude of all the frequencies are increased. 

Similarly, when we decrease Volume, the loudness is decreased i.e. amplitude of all the frequencies are decreased.


Bass:

When we increase Bass, the loudness of only lower frequencies are increased i.e. amplitude of the lower frequencies are increased.
When we decrease Bass, the loudness of only lower frequencies are decreased i.e. amplitude of the lower frequencies are decreased.

Treble:

When we increase / decrease the Treble, the loudness of the sound of only higher frequencies are increased / decreased.

Now the main questions is that what do lower and higher frequencies mean ?

We know that human beings able to hear in the frequency range 20Hz to 20000Hz. Here lower frequencies mean the frequencies near to 20Hz and the higher frequencies mean the frequencies near to 20000Hz.
Any shrill sound is higher frequency. 

Let's understand using a practical example. 

Suppose, a amplifier is being used to amplify a music performance. So, there are many musical instruments (e.g. Drum, Guitar, flute etc. ) in that performance.

Now, we want to increase the loudness of the sounds of drum but not flute.
Generally, the frequencies of the sound of the drum lie in lower frequencies range and  that of flute lie in higher frequencies range. 
Hence, in this case we increase Bass to increase the loudness of the sound of Drum.
If we want to increase loudness of the sound of flute but not drum, in that case, we increase Treble.

In fact, musical instrument can produce the sound of a broad frequency range. Hence, we can not perfectly regulate these instrument just by using Bass and Treble options. But, obviously, we can control it coarsely.



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